Method and Apparatus for Lining Tunnel Walls or Tunnel Ceilings with Protective Nets

ABSTRACT

In a method for lining tunnel walls or ceilings with protective nets or the like, web-shaped protective net material ( 8 ) is unwound from a reel ( 7 ) and is fastened to the tunnel walls or ceiling by means of tie bolts. The reel ( 7 ) is rotatably arranged. The rotation of the reel ( 7 ) about a shaft ( 30 ) is controlled in order to unwind the protective net material ( 8 ), the shaft ( 30 ) being mechanically moved in steps along the tunnel walls or ceiling together with the reel ( 7 ). The protective net material ( 8 ) unwound in each step is preferably stretched and mechanically fastened. The individuals carrying out said processes are thus not exposed to any direct risk, while the lining process can be accelerated.

The invention relates to a method for lining tunnel walls or tunnel ceilings with protective nets according to the preamble to Claim 1 and to an apparatus for implementing the method.

It is known to line tunnels, for example mining tunnels, with protective nets which are preferably made of steel wire. The web-shaped protective net material is unwound from a reel and fastened to the tunnel walls or the tunnel ceiling by means of tie bolts. In general, lifting platforms or similar are used in order to lay out the protective net material. The heavy reel is difficult to handle, and the workers are exposed to a number of risks.

The object forming the basis of the present invention is to propose a method of the type specified at the start and to provide an apparatus for implementing the method by means of which the operation is substantially simplified and speeded up, and the safety of the individuals carrying out the work is increased.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to Claim 1 and by an apparatus having the features of Claim 7.

Preferred further developments of the method according to the invention and of the apparatus according to the invention form the subject matter of the dependent claims.

The method according to the invention for lining tunnel walls or tunnel ceilings with protective nets and the apparatus according to the invention for implementing the method enable simple and nevertheless precise handling of the heavy reels of protective net material and mechanical implementation of the unwinding and fastening process which can be controlled, for example, from a main unit, for example a conventional drill jumbo, so that the individuals carrying out these processes are not exposed to any direct risk, and safety is substantially improved.

In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail by means of the drawings. These show as follows:

FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a main unit for lining tunnel walls and tunnel ceilings with protective nets, equipped with an apparatus for unwinding the protective net material from a reel and with an anchoring device;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the apparatus for unwinding the protective net material;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the apparatus according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a clamping device as part of the apparatus according to FIG. 2 in a closed position; and

FIG. 5 is part of the clamping device according to FIG. 4 in an open position.

FIG. 1 shows a main unit 1 according to the invention for lining tunnel walls or tunnels ceilings with protective nets. Attached to the main unit 1 by one end is a moveable, telescopic arm 2 which on the other end has an apparatus 10 for unwinding the web-shaped protective net material 8 from a reel 7. The apparatus 10, which will be described in greater detail below by means of FIGS. 2 to 5, can be moved by means of the arm 2 in steps along the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling, the reel 7 being held substantially parallel to the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling and transversely to the direction of movement of the arm 2. The protective net material 8 unwound in the respective step is fastened to the tunnel wall or to the tunnel ceiling by means of an anchoring device 4 which is borne by a further moveable, telescopic arm 3 of the main unit 1.

In this way, for example, a first side wall of the tunnel can first of all be covered with the web-shaped protective net material 8 to half way up, and corresponding tie bolts are driven in by means of the anchoring device 4, after which the apparatus 10 is raised by the arm 2 and a further section of the unwound protective net material 8 is stretched and then fastened. The process is continued until the tunnel ceiling and the other side wall are also covered with the protective net material 8.

The main unit 1 is then moved within the tunnel in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel depending upon the web width of the protective net material 8 in order to cover a further tunnel section. The main unit 1 is advantageously equipped with an appropriate chassis.

In the following, the apparatus 10 for unwinding the web-shaped protective net material 8 from the reel 7 will now be described. The web-shaped protective net material 8 is wound on a tube 6 into the reel 7. The tube 6 with the reel 7 is held in a holder 11 rotatably about an axis of rotation A. According to FIG. 2 the holder 11 comprises a base 14 (with an upper side 12 and a lower side 13 and if need be with lateral side regions 15 directed upwards at an angle), and two carrying arms 20 sticking out from the latter, the free ends of which are provided with means for securing end parts 31 of a shaft 30 forming the axis of rotation A and projecting through the tube 6. With the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 these means are formed by a respective pair of clamping jaws 22 moveable from an open position into a closed position. Assigned to the shaft 30 are lateral guide plates 33 which interact with the clamping devices and assist with holding the shaft 30 securely in the clamping jaws 22.

The clamping jaws 22 are respectively hinged pivotably by a first end 52 on a hollow element 21 of the respective carrying arm 20 (pivot axis 51) and can be moved rotatably by a common linear drive disposed within the hollow element 21. Preferably there is provided in the hollow element 21 a housing 64 with a hydraulic piston/cylinder unit 63 by means of which a toothed rack 61 is operated which by means of a respective toothed wheel 60 causes the clamping jaws 22 to swivel out of the open position into the closed position and vice versa.

On second ends 54 of the clamping jaws 22 a respective recess 53 is provided, between which recesses 53 the end parts 31 of the shaft 30 are clamped in the closed position of the clamping jaws 22. The recesses 53 together form a space 56 with a diamond-shaped or rectangular cross-section (FIG. 4).

Moreover, each clamping jaw 22 has between the first end 52 and the recess 53 an extension or a projection 57. The projections 57 extend reciprocally such that in the open position of the clamping jaws 22 according to FIG. 5 bearing surfaces 58 are formed for the end parts 31 of the shaft 30 to be clamped. Upon closing the clamping jaws 22 the end parts 31 of the projections 57 are guided into the recesses 53 or into the space 56. The projections 57 are positioned to the side such that their distal ends 59 overlap in the open position of the clamping jaws 22 (FIG. 5). In the closed position the spaces 56 of the two pairs of clamping jaws correspond so that the shaft 30 is held parallel to the base 14 of the holder 11. As mentioned above, when moving the clamping jaws 22 from the open position into the closed position self-centering or self-positioning of the shaft 30 takes place.

The apparatus 10 according to the invention for unwinding the web-shaped protective net material 8 is furthermore provided with means 40 for controlling the rotational movement of the reel 7 about the axis of rotation A or about the shaft 30 held securely in place.

With the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 these means 40 comprise a pressure roller 41 engaging with the reel surface 79 and which is operatively connected to a (preferably hydraulic) drive motor 42. The axis of rotation of the pressure roller 41, which could also be e.g. a tyre or a toothed wheel, is disposed parallel to the shaft 30. The drive motor 42 with the pressure roller 41 is positioned on a platform 43 which is disposed moveably on the base 14 of the holder 11 in order to hold the shaft 30 secure. In order to move the platform 43, and so in order to move the pressure roller 41 radially to the reel 7, at least one preferably hydraulic piston/cylinder unit is provided which is accommodated in a housing 44. A further housing 46 contains various working and safety components for these piston/cylinder units and the hydraulic drive motor 42.

The pressure roller 41 can be brought into contact with the reel surface 79 by moving the platform 43 with its outer peripheral area 45, and advantageously in the central region of the reel 7. The pressure roller 41 is driven rotatably in order to bring about controlled unwinding of the protective net material 8, or the rotation of the pressure roller 41 is stopped in order to prevent unwinding. Upon unwinding, the reel diameter is reduced and the pressure roller is automatically moved by the piston/cylinder units so as to always remain in contact with the reel surface 79. The pressure roller 41 and the whole means 40 for controlling the rotational movement of the reel 7 can therefore—as required—be used both for the controlled unwinding of the protective net material 8 and as a brake acting on the reel 7.

Instead of the piston/cylinder units, other means, such as for example spring elements, could also be used for automatically moving the pressure roller.

Instead of clamping jaws 22 other means could also be used to secure the shaft 30. Instead of a shaft 30 the reel itself could also be formed preferably with coaxial lateral shafts on both sides.

The method according to the invention for lining tunnel walls or tunnel ceilings with protective nets and the apparatus according to the invention for implementing the method enable simple and nevertheless precise handling of the heavy protective net material reels as well as mechanical implementation of the unwinding and fastening process which can be controlled, for example, by a main unit, so that the individuals carrying out these processes are not exposed to any direct risk, and safety is substantially improved. 

1. A method for lining tunnel walls or tunnel ceilings with protective nets or similar, wherein web-shaped protective net material (8) is unwound from a reel (7), characterised in that the reel (7) is arranged rotatably, and in order to unwind the protective net material (8) the rotational movement of the reel (7) is controlled, the reel (7) being moved mechanically along the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling.
 2. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the protective net material (8) unwound in a respective step is preferably stretched and fastened to the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling.
 3. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the rotational movement of the reel (7) is controlled by a pressure roller (41) engaging with the reel surface (79), the pressure roller (41) being driven rotatably with pilot control and moved radially to the reel (7).
 4. The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the step by step movement of the shaft (30) with the reel (7) along the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling is implemented by means of a moveable, telescopic arm (2) which is attached by one end to a main unit (1) and at the other end bears the shaft (30) with the reel (7), the shaft (30) being held substantially parallel to the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling and transversely to the direction of movement of the moveable arm (2).
 5. The method according to claim 4, characterised in that the protective net material (7) unwound in the respective step is fastened, with pilot control, by means of an anchoring device (4) which is borne by a further moveable and telescopically designed arm (3) assigned to the main unit (1).
 6. The method according to claim 4, characterised in that the main unit (1) is moved step by step within the tunnel in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel depending upon the web width of the protective net material (8).
 7. An apparatus for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterised by a holder (11) for securing a shaft (30) in relation to which the reel (7) with the web-shaped protective net material (7) is disposed rotatably, by means (40) for controlling the rotational movement of the reel (7) about the shaft (30) and by means for moving, step by step, the holder (11) accommodating the shaft (30) with the reel (7) along the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the holder (11) has a base (14) and two carrying arms (20) sticking out from the latter, the free ends of which are equipped with means for accommodating and securing end parts (31) of the shaft (30).
 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterised in that the means disposed at free ends of the carrying arms (20) for accommodating and securing end parts (31) of the shaft (30) are formed respectively by a pair of clamping jaws (22) moveable from an open position into a closed position.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterised in that the clamping jaws (22) are respectively hinged pivotably with a first end (52) on a hollow element (21) of the respective carrying arm (20) and can be moved rotatably by a common linear drive (63, 61) disposed in the hollow element (21), at second ends (54) of the clamping jaws (22) a recess (53) respectively being provided between which recesses (53) the end parts (31) of the shaft (30) can be clamped in the closed position of the clamping jaws (22).
 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, characterised in that the clamping jaws (22) are respectively provided between the two ends (52, 54) with a respective projection (57), the projections (57) overlapping to the side of the respective pair of clamping jaws forming in the open position of the clamping jaws (22) bearing surfaces (58) for the end parts (31) of the shaft (30) to be clamped.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the means (40) for controlling the rotational movement of the reel (7) about the shaft (30) are formed by a pressure roller (41) engaging with the reel surface (79), said pressure roller (41) being operatively connected to a drive motor (42) and being moveable radially to the reel (7).
 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterised in that the drive motor (42) is placed with the pressure roller (41) on a platform (43) which is disposed moveably on the base (14) of the holder (11) in order to secure the shaft (30), in order to move the platform (43) and so to move the pressure roller (41) radially to the reel (7) at least one piston/cylinder unit being provided.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the means for the step by step movement of the holder (11) accommodating the shaft (30) with the reel (7) along the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling are formed by a moveable, telescopic arm (2) which is attached by one end to a main unit (1) and at the other end bears the shaft (30) with the reel (7), the shaft (30) extending substantially parallel to the tunnel walls or tunnel ceiling and transversely to the direction of movement of the moveable arm (2).
 15. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the main unit (1) bears a further moveable, telescopic arm (3) with an anchoring device (4) for attaching tie bolts or similar or for fastening the unwound protective net material (8).
 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterised in that the unwound protective net material (7) can be stretched with the anchoring device (4) before fastening. 